gvbe Rxe‡b Bu`y‡ii ÿwZKi cÖfve

¯Íb¨cvqx (Mammalian) ‡kÖYxi g‡a¨ †iv‡Wbwkqv (Rodentia) e‡M©i AšÍf~©³ Bu`yi RvZxq cÖvYx (Rodent) nj GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi cÖvYx Ges Zv‡`i we‡klZ¡ GB †h, ¯Íb¨cvqx †kÖYxi 5419 wU cªRvwZi g‡a¨ 2277 wU cÖRvwZB GB e‡M©i AšÍf~©³| mviv we‡k¦ Bu`yi RvZxq cÖvYxi (rodentia) e‡M© 34 wU cwievi I 389 wU cÖRvwZ Av‡Q|Gi g‡a¨ gvÎ 20-25 wU cÖRvwZ Avc` evjvB ev AwbóKvix wn‡m‡e wPwýZ| Muridae cwiev‡iiAšÍf~©³AwbóKvix †giæ`Ûx cÖvYxi g‡a¨ Bu`yi RvZxq cÖvYx nj me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¦c~Y© I ÿwZKviK cÖvYx hv dmj ecb †_‡K ïiæ  K‡i dmj KvuUv I msMÖn ch©šÍ we¯Ívi jvf K‡i ÿwZ K‡i _v‡K| Giv mvaviYZ M‡Z© evm K‡i, Z‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖRvwZi Bu`yi N‡i ev Mv‡Q evmv ˆZwi K‡i evm K‡i| Bu`yi †h †Kv‡bv cwi‡e‡k wb‡R‡K Lvc LvB‡q Lye `ªæZ esk we¯Ívi Ki‡Z mÿg| ZvQvov Bu`yi RvZxq cªvYx wewfbœ †iv‡Mi evnK/ msiÿK wnmv‡eI KvR K‡i|Bu`yi ¯Íb¨cvqx, me©fzK I wbkvPi  cÖvYx| K…wl cÖavb evsjv‡`‡k dm‡ji Rb¨ ÿwZKi ¯Íb¨cvqx cÖvYx‡`i g‡a¨ Bu`yi gvby‡li cÖavb kµ| Bu`yi gvby‡li DcKv‡i Av‡m Ggb NUbv weij| gvby‡li Av‡kcv‡k †_‡KB Giv gv‡V ¸`v‡g evmvevwo‡Z Awdm Av`vj‡Z cÖwZwbqZ ÿwZ K‡i P‡j‡Q| c„w_exi Ggb †Kv‡bv †`k †bB †hLv‡b Bu`y‡ii mgm¨v †bB| G‡`i Dc`ª‡e c„w_exi eû‡`‡k Pig `~‡hv©M †b‡g G‡m‡Q| gvbe Rxe‡b Bu`y‡ii ÿwZKi f‚wgKv Acwimxg|

Bu`yi gvbyl Ges M„ncvwjZ cïcvwLig~jZ Pvi fv‡e ÿwZ K†i _v‡K| cÖ_gZt gv‡Vi K…wlkm¨ †L‡q; wØZxqZt ¸`vgRvZ Lv`¨km¨ †L‡q I bó K‡i; Z…ZxqZt AeKvVv‡gvi ÿwZ K‡i I PZz_©Zt gvbyl I cïcvwLi †ivMRxevby enb K‡i|

gv‡Vi K…wlk‡m¨i ÿwZ

Bu`yi cÖwZw`b Zvi kix‡ii Zzjbvq `k fv‡Mi GK Ask Lvevi †L‡q _v‡K Ges Bu`y‡ii Lvev‡ii cwigvb Zv‡`i AvKvi, cÖRvwZ I cvwicvwk©K AvenvIqvi Dci wbf©i K‡i| Bu`yi avb, Mg, f‚Æv, AvL, Avjymn wewfbœ dj I mewRi e¨vcK ÿwZ K‡i _v‡K| evsjv‡`kmn c„w_exi eû‡`‡k G‡`i ÿqÿwZi cwigvY wbYx©Z n‡q‡Q|Bu`yi cÖwZ ermi gvV dm‡ji cÖvq 20% ÿwZ K‡i _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡k 1914-15 mv‡ji wn‡me Abyhvqx Bu`y‡ii Avµg‡Y 2jvL 37 nvRvi744 †gwUªK Ub av‡bi ÿwZ n‡q‡Q| hvi eZ©gvb evRvi`i 439 †KvwU 83 jÿ UvKv| Pv‡ji ÿwZi cwigvY 62 nvRvi 764 †gwUªK Ub| hvi evRvi`i 200 †KvwU 85 jÿ UvKv| M‡gi ÿwZi cwigvY 29 nvRvi 660 †gwUªK Ub|  hvi evRvi`i 83 †KvwU 5 jÿ UvKv| me wg‡j Bu`yi Øviv cÖvq 724 †KvwU UvKvi dm‡ji ÿwZ n‡q‡Q (cÖ_g Av‡jv, 21 Ryb 2015)|AvšÍ©RwZK avb M‡elYv cÖwZôv‡bi Rwi‡c 2013 mv‡ji wnmve Abyhvqx wek¦e¨vcx Bu`yi Øviv ÿwZ Kiv wb‡q M‡elYvq ejv n‡q‡Q Gwkqvq Bu`yi eQ‡i 18 †KvwU gvby‡li 12 gv‡mi Lvevi bó K‡i|evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 50-54 jÿ †jv‡Ki GK eQ‡ii Lvevi Bu`yi Kvi‡b bó nq| Bu`yi eQ‡i Avgb av‡bi kZKiv 5-7 fvM, M‡gi kZKiv 4-12 fvM, †MvjAvjyi kZKiv 5-7 fvM, Avbvi‡mi kZKiv 6-9 fvM bó K‡I _v‡K|wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯nvi wnmve g‡Z, Bu`yi cÖwZ eQi we‡k¦i 3 †KvwU 33 j¶ Ub Lvevi bó K‡i| we‡k¦ cÖwZ eQi Bu`yi †h cwigvb Lvevi bó K‡i, †m Lvevi †L‡q Abvqv‡mB 25-30 wU `wi`ª †`‡ki gvbyl GK eQi evPu‡Z cv‡i|

msMÖ‡nvËi ÿwZt

cÖPzi cwigvb Lv`¨km¨ ¸`v‡g msiÿY Kiv nq †hLv‡b Bu`y‡ii ÿwZi cwigvb A‡bK †ekx cwijwÿZ nq| Dò I AeDò A‡j Bu`yi Øviv ÿwZi cwigvb cÖvq 2-15 %| wek¦m¦v¯’¨ ms¯’vi wnmve Abyhvqx GK erm‡i fvi‡Zi gy¤^vB‡q chv©ß Bu`yi `gb K‡i 90,000 †jv‡Ki Lvevi mÂq Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| GQvovI wewfbœ wi‡cv‡U© †`Lv wM‡q‡Q Bu`yi Øviv msMÖ‡nvËi ÿwZi  cwigvb 2.5-30 kZvsk| ‡QvU Kv‡jv Bu`yi, ‡M‡Qv Bu`yiGes †bswU Bu`yi cÖavbZ ¸`v‡g, M‡elYvMv‡i, Awd‡m, evmvevox‡Z, ÿwZ K‡i _v‡K| ¸`v‡g wewfbœ k‡m¨i  †hgb avb, PvDj, Mg, Wvj,Avjy BZ¨vw`i e¯Ív †K‡U, km¨ †L‡q I Bu`y‡ii ckg, cÖ¯ªve, cvqLvbv wg‡k e¨vcK ÿwZ K‡i _v‡K| GKwU Bu`yi eQ‡i Lvevi Lvq 8-10 †KwR, cÖ¯ªvi K‡i 6 wjUv‡ii g‡Zv, cvqLvbv K‡i 15,000 evi Gi g‡Zv hvi IRb cÖvq 2 †KwR I Mv‡qi ckg S‡i c‡o 5 jv‡Li g‡Zv| Bu`yi †L‡q hZUv bv bó K‡i Zvi †_‡K 4-5 ¸Y †ekx bó K‡i M‡Z© wb‡q, gvwU‡Z wgwk‡q, ckg, cvqLvbv, cÖ¯ªve BZ¨vw` w`‡q|Gfv‡e Bu`yi Avgv‡`i Lv`¨km¨ I wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨vw` bó K‡i Avgv‡`i A_©bxwZ‡Z D‡jøL¨‡hvM¨ cwigvY ÿwZ mvab Ki‡Q| GKwU Bu`yi cÖwZ cwiev‡i ¸`v‡g erm‡i 40-50 †KwR `vbvkm¨ ÿwZ K‡i _v‡K Ges G ÿwZi cwigvY 75,000-1,00,000 ‡gwUªKUb| Bu`yi cÖwZ eQi we‡k¦i 33 wgwjqb Ub ¸`vgRvZ Lvevi bó K‡i|

AeKvVv‡gvi ÿwZ

Bu`yi †Uwj‡dv‡bi Zvi †K‡U †hvMv‡hvM wew”Qbœ K‡i I ˆe`y¨wZK Zvi †K‡U †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v APj I fqven AwMœKvÛ NUvq| j¨ve‡iUix‡Z wewfbœ hš¿cvwZ, B‡jKwUªK Zvi, AvmevmcÎ BZ¨vw` †K‡U ÿwZ K‡i| ‡bswU Bu`yi evmv evox I j¨ve‡iUix‡Z †jc‡ZvlK, eB cy¯ÍK, KvMR, dvBj BZ¨vw` †K‡U e¨vcK ÿwZ K‡i _v‡K| iv¯ÍvNvU, moK, †ijc_,I eb¨v wbqš¿Y evua aŸsm nIqvi Rb¨ cÖavbZ Bu`yiB `vqx|

Bu`yievwnZ †ivMRxevby

gv‡V I msMÖ‡nvËi ÿwZ QvovI Bu`yi †cøMmn cÖvq 40 †_‡K 60 cÖKvi †ivM Qovq| gvbyl I cïcvwLi bvbv cÖKvi gvivZœK †ivMRxevby we¯Ív‡i ¸iæË¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| Bu`yievwnZ wKQz †ivM I Zv‡`i jÿY wb‡¤œ †`qv njt

nvbU¨vb (Hantaan) fvBivm (i³ÿiv R¡i)

c„w_exi A‡bK As‡ki kn‡ii Bu`y‡ii kix‡i nvbU¨vb fvBivm kbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G fvBivm †cvlK n‡Z †cvl‡K AvµvšÍ jvjv, g~Î Ges g‡ji gva¨‡g we¯Ívi N‡U _v‡K| wKQz †÷ªB‡bi gvby‡li Dci Aí cÖfve i‡q‡Q| Ab¨¸‡jv bvbv iKg jÿYmn cÖavb Amy¯’Zvi KviY n‡q †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|

wUK UvBdvm (Rickettsia conori)

KzKzi G †iv‡Mi Rb¨ cÖavb fvÛvi, wKš‘ Bu`yiI ¸iæZ¡c~Y© fvÛvi ev Avavi| G †iv‡M AvµvšÍ wU‡K (GK cÖKvi KxU) Kvgov‡bvi d‡j gvby‡l G †iv‡Mi msµgb N‡U| mg¯Í Gwkqv‡Z wUK G †iv‡Mi we¯Ív‡ii mwnZ RwoZ| 

¯Œve UvBdvm (Orientia tsutsugamushi)

mg¯Í Gwkqv Ry‡o bvbv iKg Bu`yi RvZxq cÖvYxiv  (†iv‡W›U) G †iv‡Mi cÖavb fvÛvi ev Avavi|  MYf~³ wewfbœ cÖKvi gvK‡oi k~KKxU hv ÔwPMviÕ (chiggers) bv‡g cwiwPZ, Zv‡`i Kvg‡o gvby‡li g‡a¨ †ivM msµwgZ nq| gvby‡li g„Zy¨i nvi Kg n‡e hw` cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq wPwKrmv Kiv nq|

wgDwib UvBdvm (Rickettsia Typhi)

mg¯Í `wÿY-c~e© Gwkqv‡Z Gi cÖv`yf©v‡ei wi‡cvU© i‡q‡Q| G †iv‡Mi we¯Ívi N‡U wd¬i (Flea) Kvg‡o A_ev AvµvšÍ g‡ji A_ev `yg‡o-gyP‡o  hvIqv wd¬i gva¨‡g| G †iv‡Mi KviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ e„nr cwim‡i †iv‡Mi jÿY †`Lv hvq wKš‘ g„Zy¨i nvi A‡bK Kg nq|

‡jc‡Uv¯úvB‡ivwmm (Leptospirosis) 

LeptospiraMYf~³ bvbv iKg ¯úvB‡ivwKUm (spirochaetes) Ry‡bvwUK †iv‡Mi RxevYy  gv‡Vi Kv‡jv Bu`yi enb I we¯Ívi K‡i| cÖvq mKj Bu`yi RvZxq cÖvYxi (‡iv‡W›U) cÖRvwZiv †cvlK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| gvby‡l msµgb N‡U hLb GKwU †Lvjv ÿZ¯’vb Bu`y‡ii cÖ¯ªve Øviv `~wlZ cvwb, Av`ª gvwU A_ev Dw™¢‡`i ms¯ú‡k© Av‡m| AwaKvsk cÖRvwZi g„Zz¨i nvi Kg nq| G †iv‡Mi jÿY Bbd¬z‡qbRv †iv‡Mi Abyiƒc nq Ges K‡qK w`b n‡Z wZb mßvn ch©šÍ wU‡K _v‡K| †jc‡Uv¯úvB‡ivwmm †iv‡Mi jÿY‡K g¨v‡jwiqv Ges †W½y R¡i wn‡m‡e fvev nq Ges A‡bK †ÿ‡Î f~j †ivM wbY©q Kiv n‡q _v‡K| hviv †ivcbK…Z MvQcvjv A_ev gv‡V KvR K‡i Zv‡`i G †ivM nIqvi SzuwK †ewk _v‡K|

Bu`y‡ii BDwib (cÖ¯ªve) evwnZ †j‡Þ¯úvBiv bvgK GK ai‡bi †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc evo‡Q evsjv‡`‡k| mvaviY R¡i, mw`©-Kvwk, RwÛm I Mv‡q jvj‡P †ik DVv G †iv‡Mi DcmM© n‡jI AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB †ivMwU mwVKfv‡e kbv‡³ e¨_© n‡”Qb wPwKrmKiv| gnvLvwj †ivMZË¡, †ivM wbqš¿Y I M‡elYv cÖwZôvb (AvBwmwWwWAvi,we) cwiPvwjZ 20 gvm †gqvw` Lv`¨evwnZ †ivM wbixÿY cÖwZ‡e`‡b G †iv‡M cÖvq †`ok †ivMx AvµvšÍ nIqvi wbwðZ cÖgvY cvIqv †M‡Q| ivRavbxi †emiKvwi DËiv AvaywbK †gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcvZv‡j m‡ev©”P 25 †ivMxi G †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nIqvi Z_¨ cÖgvY i‡q‡Q| AvBwmwWwWAviwe Gi j¨ve‡iUwi‡Z i³ cixÿvi gva¨‡g G †ivM m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ Kiv nq| Rvbv hvq, G †iv‡M  (†j‡Þ¯úvBiv) AvµvšÍ n‡q biwms`xi GKwU cwiev‡ii Pvi R‡bi g‡a¨ `yÕR‡bi g„Zz¨ n‡q‡Q| XvKv †gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcvZv‡j wPwKrmvaxb Ae¯’vq Zv‡`i g„Zz¨ nq| (Rv‡MvwbBR 24.Kg, 31 Rvbyqvwi 2016 )

Bu`yi Kvgov‡bv R¡i (Rat-bite Fever)

Bu`yi Kvgov‡bv R¡i (Spirillum minor) ¯úvB‡ivwKUm (spirochaete) Gi Kvi‡Y G †ivM nq| Bu`yi RvZxq cÖvYx‡`i  (†iv‡W›U) Kvgov‡bv Øviv G †iv‡Mi we¯Ívi N‡U _v‡K| c„w_exi me©Î G †ivM †`qv hvq| A‡bK mßvn ch©šÍ G †ivM myße¯’vq _v‡K Ges DcmM© mvaviYZ ÿZ †m‡i IVvi/ïKv‡bvi ci †`Lv hvq|

‡cøM (Yersinia pestis)

Bnv GKwU e¨vK‡Uwiqv RwbZ †ivM| hw` G †ivM cÖv_wgKfv‡e kbv³ Kiv hvq Z‡e Gw›Uev‡qvwUK Øviv wPwKrmv Kiv hvq| G †iv‡Mi RxebPµ nj-¯Íb¨cvqx cÖvYx †_‡K wd¬ Avevi wd¬ †_‡K ¯Íb¨cvqx  cÖvYx| Bu`yi RvZxq cÖvYxiv G †iv‡Mi cÖv_wgK †cvlK| BwZnvm n‡Z Rvbv hvq †h, wPwKrmv weÁv‡bi DbœwZ NUvi ciI †cøM c„w_exe¨vcx c~‡e©i Abyiƒc Avevi mgm¨v NUv‡Z cv‡i| hw`I c„w_exi A‡bKvs‡k GwU ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ GKwU weivU mgm¨v wnmv‡e eZ©gv‡b we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q| Gwkqv Ges A‡÷ªwjqv‡Z 20 kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a© me©‡kl G †ivM gnvgvix AvKv‡i AeZxY© n‡qwQj|

mvj‡gv‡b‡jvwmm (Salmonellosis)

c„w_ex e¨vcx mvj‡gvwbjv (Salmonella ) e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv gvby‡li msµwgZ nq| mvaviYZ G †iv‡M AvµvšÍ Bu`yi RvZxq cÖvYxi (rats and mice) g‡ji gva¨‡g `~wlZ cvwb A_ev Lv`¨ MjvatKi‡Yi gva¨‡g n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ mwVK fv‡e cÖ¯‘Z b‡n Giƒc Lv`¨ †L‡jI G †ivM n‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK cÖRvwZi wewfbœ iK‡gi gvivZ¥K ÿwZKi cÖfve i‡q‡Q|

U‡·vcøvR‡gvwmm (Toxoplasmosis)

G †iv‡Mi KviY coccidian e‡M©i toxoplasma gondii cÖRvwZ| G †iv‡Mi cÖv_wgK †cvlK M„ncvwjZ weovj| Bu`yi Ges gvBm (mice) mn A‡bK ¯Íb¨cvqx cÖvYx G †iv‡Mi ga¨eZx© †cvlK|

jvmv R¡i (Lassa fever)

jvmv R¡i (Lassa fever/Lassa hemorrhagic fever) me©cÖ_g Avwe®‹vi nq 1969 mv‡j  bv‡g B‡Rwiqvi †ev‡bv© cÖ‡`‡ki jvmv kn‡i| jvmv fvBivm bv‡gi GK ai‡bi RxevYyi msµg‡Y †ivMwU nq| GB fvBivm Avevi mnRvZfv‡eB b¨vUvj gvwëg¨v‡gU (Natal multimammate) cÖRvwZi Bu`y‡ii †`‡ni Ask e‡j weÁvbx‡`i aviYv| GB cÖRvwZi Bu`y‡ii Avw` Avevm mve-mvnvivb Avwd«Kv ev mvnviv giæf~wgi `wÿYv‡j|Bu`yi mvaviYZ e×, wRwbmc‡Î †evSvB, mu¨vZmu¨vZ RvqMvq _vK‡Z cQ›` K‡i| RvqMvUv hw` Lvev‡ii ¸`vg ev †÷viiæg nq Zvn‡j †Zv K_vB †bB| G Kvi‡YB jvmv fvBivm `ªæZ Qov‡”Q e‡j g‡b Ki‡Qb weÁvbxiv|‡Kv‡bvfv‡e b¨vUvj gvwëg¨v‡gU Bu`y‡ii gjg~‡Îi msm¤ú‡k© G‡j gvbyl jvmv fvBiv‡m AvµvšÍ nq| GQvovI dvUv ev ÿZ nIqv Z¡K A_ev †kølv wbtmiK wSwjøi gva¨‡g GK e¨w³ †_‡K Ab¨ e¨w³‡Z jvmv R¡‡ii RxevYy msµwgZ n‡Z cv‡i| jvmv R¡‡i AvµvšÍ nIqvi Dcm‡M©i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q: R¡i, gyLgÛj dz‡j hvIqv, gvsm‡ckx wX‡j n‡q hvIqv, ewgfve, i³ewg, Wvqwiqv (i³mn), †cUe¨_v, †Kvôe×Zv, Kvwk| Z‡e weÁvbx I wPwKrmK‡`i g‡Z, B‡evjv Ges gviev‡M©i g‡Zv fvBivj ‡n‡gv‡iwRK R¡‡ii Dcm‡M©i †_‡K jvmv R¡‡ii DcmM©‡K Avjv`v Kiv Lye KwVb|

bvB‡Rwiqvq cÖvYNvZx jvmv R¡‡i GLb ch©šÍ 90 R‡bi g„Zz¨i Lei wbwðZ K‡i‡Q †`kwUi miKvwi ms¯’v  bvB‡Rwiqvb †m›Uvi di wWwRR K‡›Uªvj (GbwmwWwm)| PjwZ eQ‡ii 1 Rvbyqvwi †_‡K 25 †deªæqvwi ch©šÍ gvÎ 56 w`‡b  GB cÖvYnvbxi NUbv N‡U‡Q|cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Z_¨ Abyhvqx, w`b w`b jvmv R¡‡i g„Zz¨i msL¨v Lye `ªæZ evo‡Q (gvP© 3, 2018 evsjv‡`k cÖwZw`b)|

Bu`yi gvbi Rxe‡b wK cwigvb ÿwZ K‡i Zv Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Abyaveb Kiv hvq| Bu`‡ii Dc`ªe †ekx n‡j me iKg `gb e¨e¯’v MÖnb K‡iB Bu`yi `gb Kiv DwPZ| Bu`yi `g‡bi Rb¨ ‡Kvb GKK c×wZ Lye †ekx Kvh©Ki bq, G‡ÿ‡Î GKvw`K ev mgwš^Z `gb c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Bu`yi `g‡bi  mdjZv  wbf©i  K‡i  wbqwgZ ch©‡eÿb I mw¤§wjZ  cÖ‡Póvi  Dci| AZGe mw¤§wjZ fv‡e Bu`yi `gb Ki‡jB Bu`y†ii Dc`ªe Kwg‡qBu`y†ii ÿwZKicÖfve †_‡K iÿv cvIqv m¤¢e|